History is a BLAST!! Pun intended. Sir Charles put it so well. There is however a short answer. NO. There is no reason not to shoot .38 LC in a .38 Spl cylinder. NOr any other "short" .38 case for that matter. With certain smokless powders over the long haul you will get a little "ring around the chamber" of hard carbon at the case mouth point. That ring can be a pain to remove but other than that, no problem. there are no accuracy problems either. The "jump" from case to throat in the camber is so short, the bullet won't emen know it had a jump.
Never mind. There is no such thing as a short answer. Well .... yes there is. "NO." Shoot .38 LC cases. There I did it. Short answer.
But ...... anything you buy in a gun shop today, marked .38 whatever, all has .357 bullets in 'em. Heel base .378 stuff is custom load only. So, if it comes in a box marked .38, and it ain't +P, go ahead and shoot it.
Coffinmaker